New Yet the Same

How can a commandment be new, and yet the same as an old commandment?

If it's precisely the same, it can't be new.

If it is an additional point, it can be new but it can't be the same.

If it eliminates some points, it can be new but it can't be the same.

If it merely re-expresses precisely the same points, then it's unnecessary.

If it's merely a new motivation for keeping the old, then it's not really a commandment.

If it's merely a new way of keeping the old, then it's not a commandment and it's not really the same as the old.

To be the same - and yet a commandment, not just a method or a motivation, but a commandment - it has to mean neither an addition to, nor a subtraction from the old, in any point.

The only way to do that is if it's a stand-alone new commandment, to begin with.

That means, it's not part of the old.

But it also must replace the old. Or else it represents a change, rather than being precisely the same.

To do all that, and yet be new - it can only mean that it's a whole new covenant, but yet a covenant that fulfils the old.